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#Exhibit of the Month

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Around thirty icons from the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova feature Saint Nicholas the Hierarch and Miracle Worker. While most represent the later iconographic tradition, a few early images stand out as rare examples due to their composition.
In the icon "Saint Nicholas with Scenes from His Life", the hierarch is depicted bust-length, blessing the Gospel. He is framed by two round medallions showing Christ and the Mother of God, who hand him the Gospel and the omophorion. Saint Nicholas, earlier than other saints, was portrayed with scenes from his hagiographic cycle. The first images of his life date back to the 11th century, represented on a folding icon from the Monastery of Saint Catherine at Sinai. 

The museum icon dates from the early 19th century, preserving the traditional chest format typical of classical icons. Twelve panels illustrate episodes from the saint's life, arranged from left to right: four on the upper register, four on the lower, and two on each side, as follows: Birth of Saint Nicholas (1), Baptism of Saint Nicholas (2), Miracle of Healing the Crippled Woman (3), Apprenticeship of Young Nicholas (4), Ordination as Deacon (5), Ordination as Bishop (6) Vision of Constantine (7), Saint Nicholas Saves Three Voivodes from Execution (8), Miracle of Rescue from Drowning (9), Miracle of Saving Basil from the Arabs (10), Dormition of Saint Nicholas (11), Translation of the Relics of Saint Nicholas to Bari (12).

Saint Nicholas the Hierarch is commemorated by the Orthodox Church twice a year: on December 6/19, the day of his birth, and on May 9/22, the day his relics were transferred from Myra to Bari (1087). Among all saints of the Christian world, the image of Saint Nicholas is one of the most popular, easily recognizable even to those unfamiliar with iconography.

He was born in the Roman Empire, at Patara in the province of Lycia, between 260-280, though early sources omit the exact date. Coming from a wealthy family, he rejected fame and luxury. From an early age he devoted himself to prayer and the study of Holy Scripture, while also mastering other disciplines. He avoided noisy gatherings and idle talk, attended church regularly, and pursued a life of chastity. Later he dedicated himself to pastoral ministry, defending the Christian faith with perseverance and firmly opposing heresies.
Through his care for people and the benefactions he performed everywhere, he became highly venerated not only in Myra but also in the surrounding regions. The grace of the Holy Spirit dwelling in his heart was revealed through miracles performed both during his life and after his death, earning him the enduring title of "Miracle Worker." Saint Nicholas passed away in the 330s (circa 334-337), and his remains were placed in a sumptuous marble tomb in the episcopal cathedral where he had served for many years. This soon became an important center of pilgrimage.
Holy Tradition has preserved with accuracy the features of his portrait, and his appearance in icons is marked by a distinct individuality. Ecclesiastical art has produced numerous iconographic representations, ranging from bust images to full-length depictions. The diversity of these representations suggests that the final iconography of Saint Nicholas was not yet established, taking shape only in the 10th-11th centuries. It is said that an authentic icon from the basilica in Myra, executed during the saint's lifetime and mentioned in written sources as early as the 11th century, played a significant role in his veneration.
Icons depicting the hagiographic cycle of Saint Nicholas spread widely in both Byzantine and post-Byzantine art, confirming the importance and popularity of his cult.

Virtual Tour


Exhibitions

"Greco-Roman Imports in the Northwestern Black Sea Coast"

30 May - 30 december 2012

  
The exhibition Greco-Roman Imports in the Northwestern Black Sea Coast is based exclusively on the archaeological collections of the museum. It brings together multiple pieces of different categories: vessels, jewelry, tools, utensils, sculptures, etc. The objects are made of different materials: fired clay, non-ferrous and semiprecious metals, glass and glassy paste, semiprecious stones, marble.

The exhibition aims to show all categories of Greek and Roman imports, which were found in the area to the north of the Black Sea, thereby reflecting the exchange and trade, which lasted over a millennium among the tribes that inhabited the Northwestern Pontic territories, especially those of the Prut-Dniester interfluve.

Exchange relations between different communities have always contributed to changes in the societies in contact, resulting in cultural, economic, and spiritual interference.


The population of Northwestern Pontic territories, including the Prut-Dniester space, during the period from the 6th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D. has been substantially influenced by Greek and Roman civilizations in their ascension.

Already in the late 6th century B.C. the Thraco-Getae-Dacians maintained exchange and trade relations with the Greek settlers and merchants. Among the goods brought by them, the most popular were wine and olive oil; for their transportation and storage were used special vessels - amphorae.

Another category of the Greek import, found in both the Getae barbaric world and the Scythian nomadic tribes, are black-glazed luxury vessels, some painted with red figures; among them there are one of the most beautiful items of Athenian craftsmen - red-figure pelike (a jug  for diluted wine) found at Manta and kantharoi - cups with two handles used for drinking wine.

Among the objects ones belonged to the Scythian aristocracy there were widespread jewels of precious metals (gold, silver), glass, and bronze objects, including mirrors and arms. In the Scythian princely tombs of Nicolskoe, Dubasari, Butor there were discovered gold appliqués for clothing, gold earrings.

The archaeological investigations in the Greek towns of the northern and northwestern Black Sea coast led to the discoveries of beautiful marble sculptures, representing the heroes and gods of the Greek pantheon, including the marble head of Hercules.

The Roman conquest of Greek colonies in the early 1st millennium A.D. has contributed to the appearance of new goods of Roman tradition in the native world of the Northwestern Pontic area.  Along with the Thracian population, there were other consumers of the imported goods. Among these there were Sarmatians - a population of Iranian origin (1st century B.C. - 3rd century A.D.), and the carriers of Santana de Mures culture (3rd - 4th centuries) - a culture with many ethnocultural elements, including the local -Dacian and Roman ones.

Among the categories of import during the Roman period there remain wine and olive oil, which also are brought  in amphorae, but already of another shape, which is due to new time and traditions, but keeping the same use.

The Sarmatians, especially wealthier strata, were large consumers of Roman adornments made of gold and silver, semiprecious stones, bronze and glass tableware, such as the bronze bowl from Cazaclia, a bronze pot, and some chance finds.

Among carriers of the Santana de Mures culture here were widespread import vessels made of fired clay, more rarely of glass, as well as multiple adornments of semiprecious stones and glassy paste. The most interesting are gold rings from Mocra.

The influence of Roman culture also penetrated into the northwestern Black Sea region with art and religious objects (marble sculpture).

Close contacts of the population of Prut-Dniester space with representatives of Greek and Roman civilizations have contributed to the development and evolution of local communities, and artifacts presented in the exhibition are an eloquent witness to this relationship.

The exhibition is aimed at both professionals and the general public, everyone who is interested in archeology and ancient history of our region.


 




Independent Moldova
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabia and MASSR between the Two World Wars
Bessarabia and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period between the Two World Wars
Revival of National Movement
Time of Reforms and their Consequences
Abolition of Autonomy. Bessarabia – a New Tsarist Colony
Period of Relative Autonomy of Bessarabia within the Russian Empire
Phanariot Regime
Golden Age of the Romanian Culture
Struggle for Maintaining of Independence of Moldova
Formation of Independent Medieval State of Moldova
Era of the
Great Nomad Migrations
Early Middle Ages
Iron Age and Antiquity
Bronze Age
Aeneolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Palaeolithic Age
  
  

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#Exhibit of the Month

Around thirty icons from the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova feature Saint Nicholas the Hierarch and Miracle Worker. While most represent the later iconographic tradition, a few early images stand out as rare examples due to their composition...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2026 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2026 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2026 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC